Rather than insisting that one-piece flow will work, we like to ask clients why one-piece flow will not work for them. Here are some of the most common reasons we hear, and some ways we respond:
1. We cannot get needed materials in quantity, in quality or in time.
You are right. Fix this first. If you cannot seem to get this issue the attention it needs, implement one-piece-flow anyway, watch the line stop, make the problem visible so that you get the attention and resources needed to fix the problem.
2. We have unreliable equipment.
The equipment may break down, causing downstream processes to run out of parts. See 1 above.
3. Our people will resist this change.
So what? That is what education is for. If the leaders do not understand and believe in one-piece flow enough to take the time to remove resistance through education, do not bother with one-piece-flow. This is a weak excuse. Learn about Motivation and address this issue as you would a speed bump in the road.
4. Our people are not cross-trained to do more than one or two limited tasks.
Shame on you for limiting people’s potential to learn and develop to their fullest. Take “boring” out of work by giving people variety and watch morale soar. People are not motivated to learn new things, you say? See 3 above.
5. Long changeover times prevent us from doing one-piece flow.
If you are really trying to run one-piece lot sizes through 1,000 ton stamping presses, bravo, and see 1 above. Flow one at a time wherever you can. In practice you will find that this can be done more often than not. When changeovers do present a genuine barrier to one-piece flow, reduce the changeover time continuously, all the while reducing lot sizes to approach one piece flow.
6. There is too much distance between processes to move one at a time.
This is one I usually let the students figure out for themselves.
7. The process produces defects that will stop the line too frequently if we have no buffer.
See 1 above.
8. Process cycle times are unstable or variable, creating imbalance between workers.
The first step is to examine your process cycle times through direct process observation, break the work into smaller work elements, take out waste, and recombine them. If chronic variation is still above the 5% to 10% range, see 1 above. If it is predictable variation, this is only really a problem if you are trying to maximize the utilization of the man-hour, which may result in greater waste such as overproduction, inventory, transportation, defects and processing which adds no value. Proceed with one-piece flow and kaizen.
9. Our machines are not designed for one-piece flow.
This is too true, even in our daily lives. A washing machine is a good example. Need to wash one shirt? You have to wait until you have close to a full load, or you waste water and energy. So, we batch our dirty clothes. The washboard and basin were the Lean solution, it just needs some Jidoka. The same is true with a dryer. You do not dry one wet shirt in the machine, but you might hang it up to dry if you do not need it dry right away. Disciplines like 3P (Production, Preparation, Process) exist to create one piece flow equipment. If you cannot get equipment planners and designers involved early enough to keep bringing in batch equipment, see 3 above.
Failing that, you can manage by using SWIP to “pulley & pail” flow through batch processes.
10. We have occasional work that interrupts the process.
There is something in TPS called the Water-Spider which acts as a line support function to handle relief work and recurring-but-not-one-every-cycle tasks such as moving materials in, moving finished goods out, building another cardboard box when the previous one has been packed full of finished product. When it is not practical to have a Water Spider, you can have foremen or team leaders help in these areas. Failing that, create Standard Work to reflect the changing work sequence and work balance every so many pieces for these types of recurring tasks.
Turn these ten reasons why one-piece-flow will not work by 45 degrees, and you get the Ten Reasons for Poor Cash Flow.
Turn them by 90 degrees and you have the Ten Reasons for Long Lead Times. Whichever way you turn them, turn them into competitive advantage by addressing each of them and successfully implementing one-piece-flow.
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